Introduction to Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland, a constituent part of the United Kingdom, sits at the northeastern edge of the island of Ireland. Despite its relatively small size, Northern Ireland presents a magnificent blend of dramatic natural landscapes, rich cultural heritage, and remarkable historical sites. From the cosmopolitan atmosphere of Belfast to the otherworldly formations of the Giant's Causeway, this guide will help you discover the best that Northern Ireland has to offer.
This region has transformed dramatically over the past few decades, emerging from a troubled past to become one of Europe's most exciting and welcoming destinations. Today's Northern Ireland offers visitors exceptional hospitality, breathtaking scenery, and an authentic cultural experience that combines both Irish and British influences.
Best Time to Visit Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland's climate is temperate and generally mild throughout the year, with no extreme variations in temperature. However, to maximize your chances of favorable weather, the best time to visit is from May to September.
- Spring (March to May): A beautiful time as the countryside bursts into color. Temperatures range from 8-14°C (46-57°F). May offers longer daylight hours and often more stable weather.
- Summer (June to August): The peak tourist season with the warmest temperatures, usually between 15-19°C (59-66°F). This is ideal for coastal explorations and enjoying outdoor activities, though popular attractions will be busier.
- Autumn (September to November): Early autumn can be a delightful time to visit with fewer crowds and spectacular foliage colors. Temperatures cool to 10-15°C (50-59°F) by October.
- Winter (December to February): While temperatures rarely fall below freezing in lowland areas, with averages of 4-7°C (39-45°F), daylight hours are short and rain is frequent. However, winter offers a different perspective on the landscape and very few tourists.
Remember that Northern Ireland's weather is notoriously changeable, so it's wise to pack layers and waterproof clothing regardless of when you visit.
Top Destinations in Northern Ireland
Belfast
Northern Ireland's capital has undergone a remarkable renaissance and now stands as a vibrant, cultural hub. Key attractions include:
- Titanic Belfast: This world-class exhibition centre tells the story of the ill-fated RMS Titanic, which was built in Belfast. The stunning building itself, reminiscent of ship bows, has become an iconic landmark.
- Belfast City Hall: A magnificent Baroque Revival building offering free guided tours that provide insights into the city's political history.
- Cathedral Quarter: The cultural heart of Belfast, filled with cobblestone streets, historic pubs, restaurants, and vibrant street art.
- St. George's Market: A Victorian covered market open on weekends, offering local produce, crafts, and a lively atmosphere with street food and music.
- Political Murals and Peace Walls: Take a Black Cab Tour to understand the city's complex history through its powerful murals and peace walls.
Giant's Causeway
Northern Ireland's first UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Giant's Causeway is an area of about 40,000 interlocking basalt columns, resulting from an ancient volcanic fissure eruption. According to legend, they were built by the giant Finn MacCool to create a causeway to Scotland. The visitor centre provides excellent context for both the geological and mythological aspects of this natural wonder.
Tip: Visit early in the morning or later in the afternoon to avoid the largest crowds, and take the cliff-top walking path for spectacular views.
Causeway Coastal Route
This spectacular driving route stretches from Belfast to Derry/Londonderry, with the Giant's Causeway roughly midway. Other highlights along this route include:
- Carrick-a-Rede Rope Bridge: A thrilling rope bridge connecting the mainland to Carrick-a-Rede island, suspended 30 meters above the rocks below.
- Dunluce Castle: Dramatic medieval ruins perched on the edge of a cliff, offering breathtaking views and fascinating history.
- Ballintoy Harbour: A picturesque small fishing harbour used as a filming location for Game of Thrones.
- Dark Hedges: An avenue of beech trees planted in the 18th century, creating an atmospheric tunnel made famous as the King's Road in Game of Thrones.
- Bushmills Distillery: Ireland's oldest working distillery, offering tours and tastings of its world-renowned whiskey.
Game of Thrones Filming Locations
Northern Ireland served as a major filming location for HBO's Game of Thrones series, and fans can visit numerous recognizable sites:
- Castle Ward: The primary filming location for Winterfell, offering archery experiences in the same spot used by characters in the show.
- Cushendun Caves: Where Melisandre gave birth to the shadow creature in season two.
- Murlough Bay: Featured in several scenes, including when Davos Seaworth was shipwrecked.
- Tollymore Forest Park: The filming location for the Haunted Forest beyond the Wall.
- Inch Abbey: Where Robb Stark was proclaimed King in the North.
Numerous tour companies offer specialized Game of Thrones tours, many led by extras who appeared in the show, providing behind-the-scenes insights.
Derry/Londonderry
Northern Ireland's second-largest city and the only completely walled city in Ireland offers:
- City Walls: Built in the 17th century, these remarkably intact walls offer a mile-long walkway around the old city with panoramic views.
- Museum of Free Derry: Provides insights into the civil rights movement and the Troubles in Northern Ireland.
- Peace Bridge: A symbolic pedestrian bridge connecting predominantly unionist and nationalist neighborhoods.
- Guildhall: A beautiful neo-Gothic building with stunning stained-glass windows, often hosting exhibitions and events.
The city has enjoyed a cultural renaissance since being named UK City of Culture in 2013 and offers excellent dining, vibrant nightlife, and numerous festivals throughout the year.
Practical Travel Tips
Transportation
The most convenient way to explore Northern Ireland is by car, especially for reaching coastal and rural areas. Major car rental companies operate at Belfast International Airport, Belfast City Airport, and in city centers.
Public transportation options include:
- Trains: Operated by Translink, connecting Belfast to major towns including Derry/Londonderry, Portrush (for Giant's Causeway), and Bangor.
- Buses: Ulsterbus services reach most towns and villages. The Belfast-Derry/Londonderry Goldline Express is particularly useful for travelers.
- Organized Tours: If you prefer not to drive, numerous companies offer day tours from Belfast to major attractions.
Accommodation
Northern Ireland offers a wide range of accommodation options:
- Hotels: From luxury options like The Merchant Hotel in Belfast to boutique guesthouses in smaller towns.
- B&Bs: Abundant throughout Northern Ireland, offering personal service and insight into local life.
- Self-catering cottages: Ideal for longer stays or family groups, particularly in coastal areas.
- Hostels: Budget-friendly options available in major tourist destinations.
Book accommodation well in advance if traveling during summer months or during major events.
Currency and Payment
As part of the United Kingdom, Northern Ireland uses the Pound Sterling (£). While Northern Irish banks issue their own banknotes, these are equivalent in value to Bank of England notes. Credit and debit cards are widely accepted, though it's advisable to carry some cash for smaller establishments, especially in rural areas.
Border Crossing
The border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland is open, with no formal border controls. However, keep in mind that the Republic uses the Euro currency and may have different regulations. If you're planning to rent a car and cross the border, ensure your rental agreement allows for this.
Northern Irish Cuisine
Northern Ireland's food scene has flourished in recent years, with an emphasis on high-quality local produce. Don't miss trying:
- Ulster Fry: A hearty breakfast featuring bacon, eggs, sausage, black pudding, white pudding, potato bread, and soda bread.
- Potato Bread and Soda Bread: Traditional breads that accompany many meals.
- Belfast Bap: A large, soft white bread roll, often filled with bacon or ham.
- Dulse: Dried seaweed snack, particularly associated with the northern coast.
- Yellowman: A chewy honeycomb toffee, traditionally sold at the Ould Lammas Fair in Ballycastle.
- Seafood: The coastal regions offer excellent fresh seafood, including mussels, oysters, and salmon.
Belfast, in particular, has developed a sophisticated dining scene with numerous award-winning restaurants. The St. George's Market in Belfast is an excellent place to sample local specialties and artisanal products.
Cultural Experiences
To truly understand Northern Ireland, engage with its rich cultural heritage:
- Traditional Music Sessions: Many pubs host regular live music sessions featuring traditional Irish music. In Belfast, try Kelly's Cellars or Madden's Bar.
- Ulster Folk Museum: Located just outside Belfast, this open-air museum recreates life in early 20th century Ulster with authentic buildings and costumed demonstrators.
- Local Festivals: Throughout the year, various towns host festivals celebrating music, literature, and local traditions. The Belfast International Arts Festival and Derry's Halloween celebrations are particularly notable.
- Crafts: Northern Ireland has a strong tradition of linen production, pottery, and glassmaking. The Craft Village in Derry/Londonderry showcases local artisans.
Conclusion
Northern Ireland offers a compelling blend of stunning landscapes, rich history, and warm hospitality. Despite its compact size, it encompasses an incredible diversity of experiences, from vibrant urban centers to dramatic coastal scenery and tranquil countryside.
The region's troubled past has given way to a dynamic, forward-looking present, while still preserving its unique cultural heritage. Whether you're exploring Game of Thrones filming locations, sampling local cuisine, or simply absorbing the magnificent scenery, Northern Ireland promises a memorable travel experience that will likely leave you planning your return visit.
For those seeking authentic experiences off the typical tourist trail, Northern Ireland represents one of Europe's most rewarding destinations - a place where ancient myths and modern stories intertwine against a backdrop of extraordinary natural beauty.
